Kernel HOWTO ¤¤Ä¶ª© <author> §@ªÌ: Brian Ward <tt><htmlurl url="mailto:bri@blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at" name="bri@blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at"></tt><newline> ĶªÌ: <htmlurl url="http://www.phys.ntu.edu.tw/~cwhuang/pub/" name="C.W.Huang"> & <htmlurl url="http://ultima.ncnu.edu.tw/~asdchen/" name="Asd L. Chen"> <date>v0.80, 26 May 1997. ½Ķ¤é´Á: 25-29 August 1997 <abstract> ³o¬O¤@¥÷Ãö©ó¦p¦ó°t¸m¡B½sĶ¡B¤É¯Å®Ö¤ß¥H¤Î±ÆÃø¸Ñ¯Éªº¸Ô²Ó«ü¤Þ¡D </abstract> <toc> <sect>²¤¶ <p> §A¬O§_»Ý­n¾\Ū³o¥÷¤å¥ó? ¦pªG§A¦³¤U¦C¥ô¦ó¯gª¬¤§¤@ªº¸Ü¡A¬Oªº¡G <p> <itemize> <item> ``«u§r¡I³o®M wizzo-46.5.6 ³nÅ黡¥¦»Ý­n 1.8.193 ª©ªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦Ó§Ú«o¤´µM¥u¦³ 1.0.9 ª©¡I'' <item> ¤ñ¸û·sªº®Ö¤ß¤§¤@ùØ­±¦³§A¥¿¦n»Ý­nªº¤@­Ó³]³ÆÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡D <item> §A¹ï©ó¦p¦ó½sĶ®Ö¤ß¯uªº¤@µL©Òª¾¡D <item> ``¦b README Àɮ׸̭±<it>¯uªº</it>´N¬O¥þ³¡ªº¸ê®Æ¤F¶Ü?'' <item> §A¨Ó¡A§A¸Õ¡A¥¦ÁÙ¬O¤£°Ê¡D <item> §A»Ý­n¬Y¨Æµ¹¤©¤@ª½­n¨D§A¬°¥L­Ì¦w¸Ë®Ö¤ßªº¤H­Ì¡D </itemize> <sect1>½Ð¥ý¬Ý¦¹! <p> ³o¥÷¤å¥ó¤¤ªº¬Y¨Ç½d¨Ò°²³]§A¦³ GNU <tt>tar</tt>¡A<tt>find</tt> ¥H¤Î <tt>xargs</tt>¡D ³o¨Ç¬O Linux ®M¥ó¸Ìªº¼Ð·Ç¤u¨ã¡AÀ³¸Ó¤£¬O°ÝÃD¡D ¤å¥ó¤¤¤]°²³]§Aª¾¹D§A¨t²ÎªºÀɮרt²Î¬[ºc¡A¦pªG§A¨Ã¤£ª¾¹D¡A³Ì¦n»°§Ö¼g¤U¤@¥÷ mount «ü¥O¦b¨t²Î¥¿±`¹B§@¤U¡A©ÒÅã¥Üªºµ²ªG§@¬°°Ñ¦Ò(©ÎªÌ¬O¤@¥÷ /etc/fstab ªº¦Cªí¡A¦pªG§A¯à°÷¬Ý±oÀ´)¡D 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«ü¥O¡D¿é¥X¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³³o¼Ë: <verb> blah# lsmod Module: #pages: Used by: drv_hello 1 </verb> `<tt>drv_hello</tt>' ¬O³o¼Ò²Õªº¦WºÙ¡A¥¦¥Î¤F¤@­¶ (4K) ªº°O¾ÐÅé¡A¦Ó¥B¥Ø«e¨S¦³¨ä¥¦ªº®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õ¨Ì¿à©ó¥¦¡D ­n²¾°£¦¹¼Ò²Õ¡A¥Î `<tt>rmmod drv_hello</tt>'¡Dª`·N <tt>rmmod</tt> »Ý­nªº¬O<it>¼Ò²Õ¦WºÙ</it>¡A¦Ó¤£¬OÀɮצWºÙ; ´N¬O§A±q <tt>lsmod</tt> «ü¥O¦C¥X¨Óªº¡D¨ä¾l¤u¨ãªº§@¥Î¦b½u¤W¤â¥U¤¤³£¦³»¡©ú¡D <sect1>»P®Ö¤ßµo¦æªº¼Ò²Õ <p> ¦b 2.0.30 ª©¤¤¡A´X¥G©Ò¦³ªºªF¦è³£¥i¥HÅܦ¨¥i¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ¡D ­n¨Ï¥Î¥i¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ¡A­º¥ý½T©w§A¨S¦³±N¨ä°t¸m¨ì¥¿±`ªº®Ö¤ß¸Ì¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¦b `<tt>make config</tt>' ®É¤£¬O¦^µª <tt>y</tt>¡D ½sĶ·s®Ö¤ß¨Ã¥Î¥¦¨Ó¶}¾÷¡DµM«á¡A¦A¦¸ <tt>cd</tt> ¨ì <tt>/usr/src/linux</tt>¡AµM«á°õ¦æ `<tt>make modules</tt>'¡D ³o±N½sĶ©Ò¦³§A¥¼«ü©w¦b®Ö¤ß°t¸m¸Ìªº¼Ò²Õ¡A¨Ã±N¨ä³sµ²¨ì <tt>/usr/src/linux/modules</tt>¡D §A¥i¥Hª½±µ¥Ñ¦¹¥Ø¿ý¨Ï¥Î¡A©Î¬O°õ¦æ `<tt>make modules_install</tt>' ±N¨ä¦w¸Ë¨ì <tt>/lib/modules/x.y.z</tt>¡A¨ä¤¤ <tt>x.y.z</tt> ¬O®Ö¤ßª©¥»¡D <p> ³o¹ï³B²zÀɮרt²Î¤W¯S§O«K§Q¡D§A¥i¯à¨Ã¤£¸g±`¨Ï¥Î minix ©Î MS-DOS ªºÀɮרt²Î¡D ¨Ò¦p¡A¦pªG§Ú¹J¨ì¤@ MS-DOS 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(®Ö¤ß¤ä´© ELF °õ¦æÀÉ) - ELF ¬O¤@ºØ·sªº¤G¶i¦ì°õ¦æÀÉ¡D Linux ¦ü¥G¥¿´Â¦¹¤è¦V«e¶i¡A©Ò¥H§A¥i¯à·|­n³o­Ó¡D <p> <tt>Set version information on all symbols for modules</tt> - ¦b¹L¥h¡A®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õ»P¨C­Ó·s®Ö¤ß¤@°_³Q½sĶ¡D ¦pªG§A¦^µª <tt>y</tt>¡A¥¦¥i¯àÅý§A¨Ï¥Î¤£¦P patchlevel ¤U½sĶªº¼Ò²Õ¡D °Ñ¨£ <tt>README.modules</tt> ¤¤ªº¸Ô²Ó»¡©ú¡D <sect1>Networking options (ºô¸ô¿ï¶µ) <p> ºô¸ô¿ï¶µ¦b <htmlurl url="HOWTO/NET-3-HOWTO.html" name="NET-3-HOWTO"> (©Î¬O NET-¤°»ò-HOWTO)¤¤´y­z¡D <sect>¯¦³Z©M§Þ¥© <p> <sect1>­«¾É make ©Î¬O patch «ü¥Oªº¿é¥X <p> ¦pªG§A·Q­n°O¿ý³o¨Ç `<tt>make</tt>' ©Î¬O `<tt>patch</tt>' «ü¥O¨ì©³°µ¤F¨Ç¤°»ò¡A §A¥i¥H§â¿Ã¹õªº¿é¥X­«¾É¨ì¤@­ÓÀÉ®×¥h¡D­º¥ý¡A­nª¾¹D§A¥Îªº¬O¬O¨º¤@ºØ shell¡G `<tt>grep root /etc/passwd</tt>' µM«á´M§ä¬Ý°_¨Ó¹³ `<tt>/bin/csh</tt>' ¤@ÃþªºªF¦è¡D <p> ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Îªº¬O sh ©Î¬O bash¡A <verb> (command) 2>&1 | tee (output file) </verb> ±N·|§â¤@¥÷ <tt>(command)</tt> ªº¿é¥X©ñ¨ì `<tt>(output file)</tt>' ³o­ÓÀÉ®×¥h¡D <p> ¦pªG¬O csh ©Î tcsh¡A¥Î <verb> (command) |& tee (output file) </verb> ³o­Ó»yªk¡D <p> ¦pªG¬O rc (ª`·N¡G§AÀ³¸Ó¤£·|¬O¥Î rc)¡A»yªk¬O <verb> (command) >[2=1] | tee (output file) </verb> <sect1>±ø¥ó¦¡ªº®Ö¤ß¦w¸Ë <p> °£¤F¨Ï¥Î³nºÐ¤ù¡AÁÙ¦³¼ÆºØ¦b¤£°Ê®֤ߪº±¡ªp¤U´ú¸Õ·s®Ö¤ßªº¤èªk¡D ¤£¹³¨ä¥¦ªº Unix ¨t²Î¡ALILO ¨ã¦³±q¥ô¦ó¦a¤è±Ò°Ê®Ö¤ßªº¯à¤O¡D (¤£¹L¦pªG§A¦³¤jªºµwºÐ¡A¶W¹L 500 MB ªº¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò LILO ªº¤å¥ó»¡©ú±N¥i¯à¤Þ°_ªº°ÝÃD¡D) ¦]¦¹¡A¦pªG§A¦b LILO °t¸mÀɮפ¤¥Î¹³³o¼Ëªº <verb> image = /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage label = new_kernel </verb> §A¥i¥H¦b¤£°ÊÂÂ®Ö¤ß <tt>/vmlinuz</tt> ªº±¡ªp¤U¿ï¾Ü°õ¦æ·s½sĶªº®Ö¤ß(·íµM¡A¦b°õ¦æ§¹ <tt>lilo</tt> «á)¡D ¥s LILO ±Ò°Ê·s®Ö¤ß³Ì²³æªº¤èªk´N¬O¦b±Ò°Ê®É«ö¤U shift Áä(·í§A¦b¿Ã¹õ¥u¬Ý¨ì <tt>LILO</tt> ®É)¡A ³o·|µ¹§A¤@´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¡D¦¹®É§A¥i¥HÁä¤J `<tt>new_kernel</tt>' ¨Ó±Ò°Ê·s®Ö¤ß¡D <p> ¦pªG§A·Q¦b¨t²Î¤¤¦P®É«O¦³¼ÆºØ¤£¦Pªº®Ö¤ß­ì©lµ{¦¡½X(¤p¤ß¡A³o·|¥Î±¼<it>¤j¶q</it>ªºµwºÐªÅ¶¡)¡A ³Ì´¶³qªº¤èªk´N¬O±N¨ä©R¦W¬° <tt>/usr/src/linux-x.y.z</tt>¡A¨ä¤¤ <tt>x.y.z</tt> ¬O®Ö¤ßª©¥»¡D µM«á§A¥i¥H¥Î²Å¸¹³sµ²¨Ó``¿ï¾Ü''¤@¥÷­ì©l½X; ¨Ò¦p¡A¥Î `<tt>ln -sf linux-1.2.2 /usr/src/linux</tt>' ·|Åý 1.2.2 ¦¨¬°¥Ø«eªº®Ö¤ß¾ð¡D ¦ý¦b«Ø¥ß²Å¸¹³sµ²¤§«e¡A¥ý½T©w <tt>ln</tt> «ü¥O³Ì«á¤@­Ó°Ñ¼Æ¤£¬O¤@­Ó¯u¥¿ªº¥Ø¿ý(ªº²Å¸¹³sµ²¨S¦³Ãö«Y); §_«hµ²ªG¥i¯à¤£·|¬O§A©Ò¹w´Áªº¡D <sect1>®Ö¤ß§ó·s <p> Russell Nelson (<tt><htmlurl url="mailto:nelson@crynwr.com" name="nelson@crynwr.com"></tt>) Á`µ²¤F·sª©®Ö¤ßªº§ïÅÜ¡D ³o¨Ç¬O²µuªº¡A¦Ó¥B§A¦b¤É¯Å«e¥i¯àÀ³¸Ó¥ý¬Ý¤@¤U¡D¥i¥H±q°Î¦W FTP ¯¸ <tt>ftp.emlist.com</tt> ªº <tt><htmlurl url="ftp://ftp.emlist.com/pub/kchanges" name="pub/kchanges"></tt>¡A <sect>¨ä¥¦¥i¯à¬ÛÃö¦³¥Îªº HOWTOs <p> <itemize> <item> Sound-HOWTO: ­µ®Ä¥d»P¤u¨ã <item> SCSI-HOWTO: ©Ò¦³Ãö©ó SCSI ±±¨î¥d»P³]³Æªº¸ê°T <item> NET-2-HOWTO: ºô¸ô <item> PPP-HOWTO: ¯S§OÃö©ó PPP ºô¸ôªº <item> PCMCIA-HOWTO: µ§°O«¬¹q¸£ªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡ <item> ELF-HOWTO: ¤°»ò¬O ELF¡A¦p¦óÂà´«µ¥¡K <item> Hardware-HOWTO: ¤ä´©µwÅ骺·§­n <item> Module-HOWTO: §ó¦h»P®Ö¤ß¼Ò²Õ¦³Ãöªº <item> Kerneld mini-HOWTO: Ãö©ó kerneld <item> BogoMips mini-HOWTO: §A¥i¯à·|¦³¿³½ìªº </itemize> <sect>Âø¶µ<p> <sect1>§@ªÌ <p> Linux Kernel-HOWTO ªº§@ªÌ¤ÎºûÅ@¤H¬O Brian Ward (<tt><htmlurl url="mailto:bri@blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at" name="bri@blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at"></tt>)¡D ½Ð±N¥ô¦óµû½×¡A¸É¥R»P§ó¥¿±Hµ¹§Ú(§ó¥¿¹ï§Ú¨Ó»¡¬O¯S§O­«­nªº)¡D <p> §A¥i¥H±q³o¨Ç URL §ä¨ì§Úªººô­¶: <tscreen><tt> <htmlurl url="http://www.math.psu.edu/ward/" name="http://www.math.psu.edu/ward/"><newline> <htmlurl url="http://blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at/~bri/" name="http://blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at/~bri/"> </tt></tscreen> <p> ÁöµM§Ú¾¨¥i¯à¦a¥h³B²z¹q¤l¶l¥ó¡A¦ý½Ð°O¦í§Ú¨C¤Ñ³£¦¬¨ì<it>¤j¶q</it>ªº«H¥ó¡A©Ò¥H¥i¯à­nªá¤@ÂI®É¶¡¤~·|¦^ÂЧA¡D ¯S§O¬O±H«H¨Ó°Ý§Ú°ÝÃDªº¡A½Ð¾¨¶q«D±`²M·¡»P¸ÔºÉ¦a´y­z§Aªº°T®§¡D ¦pªG§A»¡ªº¬O¬Y­ÓµLªk¹B§@ªºµwÅé(©ÎÃþ¦üªº)¡A§Ú»Ý­nª¾¹D§AªºµwÅé°t¸m¬O¤°»ò¡D ¦pªG§A­n¦^³ø¿ù»~¡A¤£­n¥u¬O»¡``§Ú³o¼Ë¸Õ¦ý¥¦µ¹§Ú·|¿ù»~°T®§''; §Ú»Ý­nª¾¹D³o­Ó¿ù»~°T®§¬O¤°»ò¡D §Ú¥i¯à¤]·Qª¾¹D§Aªº®Ö¤ß¡Agcc¡Alibc ªºª©¥»¬O¤°»ò¡A¦pªG§A¥u¬O§i¶D§Ú§A¥Îªº¬O³o­Ó©Î¨º­Ó®M¥ó¡A¨º¨S¤°»ò¥Î¡D §Ú¤£¤¶·N§A°Ý§Ú²³æªº°ÝÃD; ½Ð°O¦í¡A¦pªG§A¤£°Ý¡A§A±N¥Ã»·¤£·|±o¨ì¸Ñµª¡D §Ú­n·PÁ¨C­Óµ¹§Ú¦^õXªº¤H­Ì¡D <p> ¦pªG§A¼g«Hµ¹§Ú¦ý¦b¤@¬q¦X²zªº®É¶¡¤º¨S¦³±o¨ì¦^À³(¤T¬P´Á©Î§ó¤[)¡A¨º»ò¥i¯à§Ú¤£¤p¤ß¬å±¼¤F§Aªº«H¥ó©Î½Ñ¦p¦¹Ãþªº(©êºp)¡D ½Ð¦A¸Õ¤@¦¸¡D <p> §Ú¦¬¨ì³\¦h«H¥ó¬OÃö©óµwÅé°ÝÃDªº¡D³o¨S°ÝÃD¡A¦ý½Ð¤F¸Ñ§Ú¨Ã¤£¬O¼ô±x¥@¬É¤W©Ò¦³µwÅ骺¤H¦Ó¥B§Ú¤]¤£ª¾¹D§Ú¯àÀ°¦h¤Ö¦£¡D §Ú­Ó¤H¨Ï¥Îªº¾÷¾¹¦³ IDE »P SCSI µwºÐ¡ASCSI ¥úºÐ¾÷¡A3Com »P WD ªº¤A¤Óºô¸ô¥d¡A¦ê¦C·Æ¹«¡A PCI ¥D¾÷ªO¡ANCR 810 SCSI ±±¨î¾¹¡AAMD 386DX40 w/Cyrix »²§U³B²z¾¹¡AAMD 5x86¡AAMD 486DX4 »P Intel 486DX4 ³B²z¾¹ (³o¥u¬O§Ú¦b¨Ï¥Î¦Ó¥B¼ô±xªºµwÅéºK­n¡A¨Ã¤£¬O«Øij¡A¦ý¦pªG§A·Q­n¥Î¡AÅwªï¨Ó¸ß°Ý <tt>:-) </tt>)¡D <p> 0.1 ª©§¹¦¨©ó 1994 ¦~¤Q¤ë¤T¤é¡D¥»¤å¥ó¥i¥H SGML, PostScript, TeX, roff »P¯Â¤å¦r®æ¦¡¨ú±o¡D <sect1>¹w©w¥Ø¼Ð <p> ``¯¦³Z©M§Þ¥©'' ¤@¸`¤Ó¤Ö¤F¡D§Ú§Æ±æ¯à¥Î±q§O¤H±o¨ìªº«Øij¨ÓÂX¥R¡D <p> ``ªþ¥[ªº®M¥ó'' ¤@¸`¤]¬O¡D <p> Áٻݭn§ó¦hªº°»¿ù/·í¾÷¦^´_¸ê°T¡D <sect1>°^ÄmªÌ <p> ¥]§t¤F¤@¤p³¡¥÷ Linus ªº README ÀÉ®× (kernel hacking ¿ï¶µ)¡D·PÁ Linus! <p> <tt>uc@brian.lunetix.de</tt> (Ulrich Callmeier): patch -s and xargs.<p> <tt>quinlan@yggdrasil.com</tt> (Daniel Quinlan): corrections and additions in many sections.<p> <tt>nat@nat@nataa.fr.eu.org</tt> (Nat Makarevitch): mrproper, tar -p, many other things<p> <tt>boldt@math.ucsb.edu</tt> (Axel Boldt): collected descriptions of kernel configuration options on the net; then provided me with the list<p> <tt>lembark@wrkhors.psyber.com</tt> (Steve Lembark): multiple boot suggestion<p> <tt>kbriggs@earwax.pd.uwa.edu.au</tt> (Keith Briggs): some corrections and suggestions<p> <tt>rmcguire@freenet.columbus.oh.us</tt> (Ryan McGuire): makeables additions<p> <tt>dumas@excalibur.ibp.fr</tt> (Eric Dumas): French translation<p> <tt>simazaki@ab11.yamanashi.ac.jp</tt> (Yasutada Shimazaki): Japanese translation<p> <tt>jjamor@lml.ls.fi.upm.es</tt> (Juan Jose Amor Iglesias): Spanish translation<p> <tt>mva@sbbs.se</tt> (Martin Wahlen): Swedish translation<p> <tt>jzp1218@stud.u-szeged.hu</tt> (Zoltan Vamosi): Hungarian translation<p> <tt>bart@mat.uni.torun.pl</tt> (Bartosz Maruszewski): Polish translation<p> <tt>donahue@tiber.nist.gov</tt> (Michael J Donahue): typos, winner of the ``sliced bread competition''<p> <tt>rms@gnu.ai.mit.edu</tt> (Richard Stallman): ``free'' documentation concept/distribution notice<p> <tt>dak@Pool.Informatik.RWTH-Aachen.DE</tt> (David Kastrup): NFS thing<p> <tt>esr@snark.thyrsus.com</tt> (Eric Raymond): various tidbits<p> ´¿±H«Hµ¹§Ú°Ý°ÝÃDªº¤H¤]¦³«Ü¤jÀ°§U¡D <p> <sect1>ª©ÅvÁn©ú¡A³\¥i¡A½Ñ¦p¦¹Ãþªº <p> Copyright © Brian Ward, 1994-1997.<p> Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.<p> Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Translations fall under the catagory of ``modified versions.'' <p> Warranty: None.<p> Recommendations: Commercial redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, it is strongly recommended that the redistributor contact the author before the redistribution, in the interest of keeping things up-to-date (you could send me a copy of the thing you're making while you're at it). Translators are also advised to contact the author before translating. The printed version looks nicer. Recycle.<p> </article>